关系代词有哪些及用法（关系代词（RELATIVE PRONOUNS））
100次浏览 发布时间：2024-11-12 09:16:25 编辑： 中小学教育研究
在下列句子中，找出与之前的名词相关联，或把思想带回之前的名词，并把一个修饰性表述联结到这个名词的代词：
1. My brother found the ball which he lost.
2. I saw the man who made that wheel.
3. Mary has the book that I bought.
作为一个更大的句子的一部分的句子，称为“分句”。
表达一个句子的主要想法的分句称为“主句”或“独立句”；如，
My brother found the ball which he lost.
意思依赖于句子的其他部分的分句称为“从句”或“非独立句”；如，
My brother found the ball which he lost.
与前面的名词或代词相关联，并把从句与那个代词或名词连接起来的单词，称为“关系代词”。
代词与之相关联的词，称为“先行词”。
关系代词有，who, which, that, what, as, but.
1. Who 适用于人；如，He knew the man who did it.
2. Which 适用于动物或无生命的东西；如This is the deer which he shot. I want the pen which you have.
3. That 适用于人，动物和东西；如，This is the lady that was hurt. Here is the knife that I found.
4. What 不会把先行词表达出来；如，I know what [that which] you require.
5. 当 as 被用作关系代词时，such 通常在其前面；如，We are such stuff as dreams are made on.
6. 当 but 被用作关系代词时，有否定意味，相当于 that not; 如，
There is no one but loves her. （没有人不爱她。）
注意：
某些关系从句对先行词加以额外的说明；如，
He owns a farm, which he was given by his uncle.
其他关系从句对先行词的意义加以限制；如，
The boy that works succeeds.
Who 和 which 的变格如下（单复数一致）：
主格：who, which,
所有格：whose, whose,
宾格：whom, which.
通过对简单代词加 so, ever, 和 soever 构成的代词，称为“复合关系代词”；如
whoso, whichever, whatsoever.
